Articles

At the moment, Russia and China witness the best period of their relations, and more and more directions to cooperate emerge in the field of humanitiеs. The linguistic landscape of the Chinese and Russian languages is one of the most important aspects of such cooperation. The present article examines the trends in the development of the linguistic landscape research in the Chinese language from 1987 to 2019. Recently, in China research into the linguistic landscape has been carried out through the use of sociolinguistics and translation techniques. The theoretical basis of the research is rather poor since it lacks innovation and creativity. The issue becomes especially acute when it comes to the linguistic landscape in a two­way Chinese­Russian translation. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the results of the linguistic landscape research in China in order to present a new perspective on the linguistic landscape to Russian students, thereby increasing the number of works on this issue for the Russian and Chinese languages.

The paper is focused on finding ways to exploit enhanced capabilities of corpus­managers, particularly the Regex function, utilizing wildcards in queries. The basis for this study derives from the experience, by all means successful, of utilizing this resource coupled with ad­hoc corpora by inexperienced translators to overcome translation difficulties. Since not entire potential was taken advantage of, the authors suggested that more complex functions could be useful for weathered translators, who would use them not to look for linguistic data but rather check their assumptions. To test the hypothesis the researchers carried out an experiment involving two groups of translators, experienced and beginners, who were asked to provide TAP (think­aloud protocol) [Someren, Barnard, Sandberg, 1994: 1] based translations of a passage. The analysis not only covering actual solutions and operations of the informants but also extrapolating their actions to potential outcomes is backed by examples. The authors came to the conclusion that Regex is a worthy thing given good language proficiency and subject savvy of the translator. Besides, the accuracy of queries, which comes inevitably as the specialist’s language proficiency improves and has an advert effect on the efficiency of linguistic data retrieving from a corpus, will be offset by wildcards. If used expertly, regular expressions provide flexibility making up for the lack of fuzzy string search [Bast, Celikik, 2013: 2] in corpus­managers.

This article considers the features of the development of the theory of interpretation in China as well as the status of the study of the Soviet school of interpretation in China. In order to find an answer to the question “Why the Soviet school of interpretation was not widely recognized in China?” the author not only considers the similarities and differences between the first works of the French and Soviet schools of interpretation which studied important mechanisms of the interpretation process, but also pays attention to such factors capable of influencing the vector of development of a theoretical school as politics and a social environment.

This paper coins the term “The Soviet Model of Russian Translation Teaching in China.” The formation process of this model is analyzed, and the content of this concept is specified. The analysis of the historical meaning of this model, which had a profound influence on Russian translation teaching in China, is based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. A review of historical sources of teaching Russian translation in China, their current situation and prospects is carried out.

The history of translation and interpreting activities in China goes back centuries. In spite of the well­known periods of China’s isolation from the outside world, translation and interpreting training has been carried out for centuries, as different dialects have existed in China from time immemorial. Therefore, for the purpose of ensuring communication between representatives of neighboring regions of the Empire language mediators were frequently needed. This article provides a historical overview of foreign language teaching as well as the translation profession in China from the earliest times to the present day, describing activities in translation and interpreting centers and schools.

The article studies the history of Bible translations into Russian, various styles and principles of translation as well as personality traits of translators who participated in the undertaking viewed as a milestone in the Golden Age of Russian language and literature.

This article attempts to analyze the psychological activity in the translation process from the perspective of Gestalt psychology and to identify psychological factors that affect the translator’s thoughts and word choosing. In addition, the analysis of the poetic translation from Chinese into Russian reveals the advantages of image thinking for translators as well as some features of the Chinese language and translatibg Chinese poetry.

Translation is an art based on science that makes technology develop. The modern age is marked by the transition of mankind to a new stage of development and new challenges that make us reflect on the future of a whole range of different professional activities. Translation is no exception. Translation activity in the digital age is a complex system of heterogeneous interactions within the “man — smart machine (AI)” tandem. This work system can be defined as digital translation. The digital translation that uses digital technology as part of the creative process aims to improve the efficiency of translation art and the quality of translation products. On the one hand, it links up the translator’s art with AI performances and creates a win­win situation; on the other hand, it provokes wariness and suspicion. The emergence of digital translation affects three main areas: 1) cognitive and technological, i.e. all the issues related to possible correlations between translation technologies and digital information and communication technologies in the modern world; 2) social and economic, i.e. all the issues of potential social transformations that may have an impact on translation as a profession in the subsequent 20 years; 3) pedagogical, i.e. all the issues concerning translators’ training for an efficient and smooth operation of today’s digital society.

2019 is a special year: for now on there are 100 years on conference interpreting.

From June, 29 to July, 4 of 2019 VII International Scientific Educational Forum took place.

The articles provides important insights into one the main reasons for the deep penetration of anglicisms into the French language, namely the popularization of the hip-hop subculture. The last quarter of the twentieth century saw a particularly strong influence of the American culture which left a mark on the French vocabulary. The analysis is focused on the particularities of the English loanwords found in the lyrics of some well-known French rap performers. These loanwords are classified on the motivation basis. An attempt is made to determine whether they have any influence upon the linguistic worldview of the French. In conclusion, the studies show that it would be unreasonable to presume that the borrowings have a considerable impact on the French linguistic worldview.

This article is about semantically introductory words expressing confidence and degrees of confidence found in the works by English classical realists of the 19th and 20th centuries. The purpose of the article is to study the British linguistic culture, lexical-semantic, sociocultural and ethnic characteristics reflected in literary texts, as well as to make a list of introductory words with conceptual meanings for further semantic analysis. The subject of the study is the English linguistic culture and polysemantic field; the object of the study is the semantics of introductory words in novels authored by English realist classics. The work is based on the diachronic approach of N. Enquist and the global synchronization method developed by J. Firbas. From this combination of synchrony and diachrony, a logical and comparative perception of the signifier and the signified is formed, that is, a theory (assumption) arises. From this contrast, the conclusion is drawn that even the figurativeness of speech itself conveys an inseparable perception of the concept, introductory words and the thesauri of the two sides in a dialogue. Polylogue has a similar significance, but its perception is much more difficult due to the presence of a large number of participants in the conversation. According to Zipf ’s law, the author cannot overload the text with a multitude of personal and demonstrative pronouns, and he must refrain from using the same words and concepts for at least three paragraphs. In addition, it is necessary to adhere to the alternation of various types of communication, viz. coordination, management and adjoining equally. All this allows not only to reveal the style of the author, but also to learn to perceive the literary text as a value-conceptual aspect of a linguistic culture.

The concept of virtual widely used today is polysemantic, but the reasons for this are not quite clear. The article is devoted to the study of some linguistic (semantic) and philosophical reasons for the existence of “Platonic” (real, imaginary) and “Aristotelian” (possible, effective) meanings in which the sense of the word virtual is expressed in Russian. The word virtual is derived from the Latin word virtus. The semantics of the word virtus happens to be interconnected with the meanings of the words ἀρετή, δύναμις and potentia, since the Latin word virtus, which has two semantic “dominants” — virtue is the “Platonic” dominant and power is the “Aristotelian” one, — was used to translate two Greek words: ἀρετή (virtue) and δύναμις (strength, power, might), and the Greek word δύναμις was translated by two Latin words: virtus (righteous divine power) and potentia / potentialitas (ability, power). Through Plato’s doctrine of arete-eidos, the concept of virtus is also connected with the concept of εἶδος. Thus, the “Platonic” line of meanings expressing the sense of the word virtual is connected with the concepts of ἀρετή and εἶδος, and the “Aristotelian” line — with the concepts of δύναμις and potentia.

All meanings of the words virtus, ἀρετή, δύναμις and potentia can be divided into three groups: “Platonic,” “Aristotelian,” and “Platonic-Aristotelian”. The sense of the English word virtual is expressed when translated into Russian by the following four meanings: a) factual, real; being something in essence, really (and not formally); b) imaginary; c) possible; d) effective. The meanings a and b can be attributed to the “Platonic” line, and the meanings c and d — to the “Aristotelian” one. It is considered how the mutual influence of the meanings of the words virtus, ἀρετή, δύναμις and potentia in the three specified groups could lead to the formation of the four above-mentioned meanings, in which the sense of the word virtual is expressed in Russian.

In this article, the author provides a brief overview and analysis of translations of Leo N. Tolstoy’s works in China, and also tries to show what influence such famous translators of his writings as Mao Dun (1896–1981) and Ai Wu (1904–1992) have had on Chinese literature and intelligentsia.

Anna Karenina is one of Leo Tolstoy’s most famous novels and is very popular among Chinese readers. The article shows two translation versions of the novel into Chinese: one by Zhou Yang and Xie Sutai, published in 1989, and the other by Cao Ying, published in 1982). In addition, the author presents studies of this novel by Chinese specialists.

Romanticism became a reflection of a new consciousness of peoples, a search for new literary forms, a return to national traditional literary forms and an appreciation of personality. It posed many questions that are still vital for the development of the Western civilization. These are: an individual versus society, an individual’s emotional experiences, duties, life and death, reason to live. The reconsideration of the ancient literature allowed poets to understand that literary works from a certain historical period reflect its way of life, therefore, any new era requires special expressive means that will suit it perfectly. Because of that, romanticism was regarded as the time of re-invention of old literary forms and that of renovation of some medieval genres providing writers with specific tools that made it possible to create new literary plots, genres, means of expression. That was the time when poets reconsidered the traditional French sonnet form “chant royal” and created their own fixed forms on its basis. Such cross-culture interaction is of great importance in terms of the pragmatic effect of the work both in its original form and translation alike. Any profound research into cross-culture interaction helps translators better understand the means used by the author, to interpret his or her idea in the most precise way possible and to show all the particularities of the author’s style, the period, the language and the poem itself.