Articles

This article is devoted to the study of cognitive semantics and semantic features of the missing structure. In the course of the study, a definition of the basic mechanism of the appearance, functioning and disappearance of the missing structure in the superconscious field is given. The significance of the transfer of metacodes and lexicodes through short-term self-destruction of a structure can be traced in the analysis of both literary text and various styles of speech. This significance is not represented by individual elements of the system (in a word, phrase, sentence, etc.), but by a constantly varying unit, however, different from an idiolect, where only numerous deviations do not allow an individual language to arise. This confirms the practical significance of the study: by revealing the most significant concepts that have a value aspect and releasing its conceptual content at the time of the formation of the missing structure, we can determine: the nature of compliance or non-compliance with linguistic norms (clarity, logic, accuracy, correctness of speech), the direction of argumentation, the specifics of thesauri of subjects of communicative interaction, as well as the presence or absence of lexical and semantic barriers to communication. It is also possible to trace the stylistic separation of the language vocabulary into the book and colloquial, as well as distinguish the categories of each, namely: for book vocabulary—terminological, poetic and category of historicisms, and for colloquial—colloquial, dialectic and phraseological. Having examined the tokens of the concept in this way, its entire value with respect to the historical period is revealed. Given the methodology of Umberto Eco, we combine the diachronic approach with the theory of local civilizations of Arnold J. Toynbee and the unconscious theory of Sigmund Freud, which allows us to connect the specifics of the appearance of the missing structure with the category of frames in cognitive linguistics.

The article deals with four Russian translations of Emily Dickinson’s poem “Tell All the Truth but Tell it Slant” in line with the cognitive translation practice. It aims at similarities and differences in deictic, referential, conceptual, perceptual and gradation-evaluation areas of the source text and its translation variants. It has been shown that differences in the source and target texts, as well as the need to use transformations, are invoked by poetic syntactic license in the source text (double syntactic constructions and referential conflict), by key concepts “pravda — istina — truth” development, by the cognitive metaphor of light and novel dominating signs of cognition in the perception-gradation rows in the texts.

The article analyzes translations of Alexander S. Puschkin’s works into the German language made and published in Germany and Austria between 1930 and 19450. The author’s attention is focused on the translator, his motivation, approaches and cultural self-identification. New translations and new discoveries of non-German authors for the recipient are analyzed. In terms of theory, objective and subjective factors that lead to new translations of texts that have already been translated are taken into consideration. The cultural and historical сontext is analyzed along with translators’ personal and virtual motives.

The spread of Western medicine in China occurs in different ways: it is carried out through the setting up of Western hospitals, the creation of Western medical schools and the translation of Western medical literature into Chinese. The spread of Western medicine is inseparable from the medical activities of missionaries in China. As an American missionary doctor, Jia Yuehan worked for 40 years at the Canton Hospital in Guangzhou Province, and spent most of his time working in Western medical education, as well as translating Western medical literature. He played an extremely important role in the spread of Western medicine in China.

The purpose of this article is to examine poetic translation as re-creation. Proceeding from the key tenets of philosophical hermeneutics and the ludenic (from Lat. ludus — game) theory of literary translation the research focuses on the following binary opposition: translator’s game vs. author’s play. The case study provided is an analysis of a poem by Vera Polozkova, a contemporary Russian poet, and its English translation.

This paper expounds the concept of variability in Chinese through discussing the classical translation theories put forward by Yanfu, trans­variation theories introduced by Huangzhonglian and the application of variational translation in literary translation as cross­cultural mediation. It concludes that since variational translation only transmits certain information selected by the translator from the original text for certain purposes, such translation may best satisfy certain readers’ needs.

The article analyzes the features of the technical text “tender” and provides a comparative analysis of the lexical and syntactic features of such texts. The main problems that translators encounter when translating terms from Chinese to Russian are considered. The author demonstrates the need for an accurate understanding of the lexical and syntactic features of the text “tender” and THE influence of the degree of competence on the result of the translation process.

At the moment, Russia and China witness the best period of their relations, and more and more directions to cooperate emerge in the field of humanitiеs. The linguistic landscape of the Chinese and Russian languages is one of the most important aspects of such cooperation. The present article examines the trends in the development of the linguistic landscape research in the Chinese language from 1987 to 2019. Recently, in China research into the linguistic landscape has been carried out through the use of sociolinguistics and translation techniques. The theoretical basis of the research is rather poor since it lacks innovation and creativity. The issue becomes especially acute when it comes to the linguistic landscape in a two­way Chinese­Russian translation. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the results of the linguistic landscape research in China in order to present a new perspective on the linguistic landscape to Russian students, thereby increasing the number of works on this issue for the Russian and Chinese languages.

The paper is focused on finding ways to exploit enhanced capabilities of corpus­managers, particularly the Regex function, utilizing wildcards in queries. The basis for this study derives from the experience, by all means successful, of utilizing this resource coupled with ad­hoc corpora by inexperienced translators to overcome translation difficulties. Since not entire potential was taken advantage of, the authors suggested that more complex functions could be useful for weathered translators, who would use them not to look for linguistic data but rather check their assumptions. To test the hypothesis the researchers carried out an experiment involving two groups of translators, experienced and beginners, who were asked to provide TAP (think­aloud protocol) [Someren, Barnard, Sandberg, 1994: 1] based translations of a passage. The analysis not only covering actual solutions and operations of the informants but also extrapolating their actions to potential outcomes is backed by examples. The authors came to the conclusion that Regex is a worthy thing given good language proficiency and subject savvy of the translator. Besides, the accuracy of queries, which comes inevitably as the specialist’s language proficiency improves and has an advert effect on the efficiency of linguistic data retrieving from a corpus, will be offset by wildcards. If used expertly, regular expressions provide flexibility making up for the lack of fuzzy string search [Bast, Celikik, 2013: 2] in corpus­managers.

This article considers the features of the development of the theory of interpretation in China as well as the status of the study of the Soviet school of interpretation in China. In order to find an answer to the question “Why the Soviet school of interpretation was not widely recognized in China?” the author not only considers the similarities and differences between the first works of the French and Soviet schools of interpretation which studied important mechanisms of the interpretation process, but also pays attention to such factors capable of influencing the vector of development of a theoretical school as politics and a social environment.

This paper coins the term “The Soviet Model of Russian Translation Teaching in China.” The formation process of this model is analyzed, and the content of this concept is specified. The analysis of the historical meaning of this model, which had a profound influence on Russian translation teaching in China, is based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. A review of historical sources of teaching Russian translation in China, their current situation and prospects is carried out.

The history of translation and interpreting activities in China goes back centuries. In spite of the well­known periods of China’s isolation from the outside world, translation and interpreting training has been carried out for centuries, as different dialects have existed in China from time immemorial. Therefore, for the purpose of ensuring communication between representatives of neighboring regions of the Empire language mediators were frequently needed. This article provides a historical overview of foreign language teaching as well as the translation profession in China from the earliest times to the present day, describing activities in translation and interpreting centers and schools.