Articles

The object of study in the article is lexical and semantic group “reality” in the emergency situations terminology as a categorial and terminological microsystem. The subject is the possibilities of its categorization, semantization and taxonomic classification. The semantic core of all the terms forming this group consists of two integral features: abstract relations and forms of existence of matter: reality. In the terminology of emergency situations special reality is described by terms situation, state, conditions, circumstances, crisis, regime, system, condition, biocenosis, life, anomaly. To become industry-specific terms, these lexical units receive differential signs (source, consequence, objecty subject, space, quantity, order, change, modality, condition, time, activity). With the help of these semes, special professional information can be expressed. As a result of semantic specification, the lexicon forms a special professional terminology field.

The presented material is dedicated to the outstanding Russian philologist, linguist and specialist in terminology Vladimir Leitchik, the founder of the new discipline known as Terminology (“Terminovedeniye”). At the beginning of his scientific career he was focused on the issues of word-formation in the French language but then continued to show the integration of different branches of scientific knowledge, including semiotics and computer science, lexicography and lexicology, phraseology and stylistics, patent science, translation and interpreting, neology and terminology. This last field became the leading one in his scientific life, in which the poly paradigmatic and cross-disciplinary aspects of his research perspective are fully revealed.

The article deals with term-formation potentials of mineralogical eponyms in the light of cognitive term-formation. It is concluded that most mineralogical eponyms are monosyllabic terms formed by suffixation. The suffixes can be either simple or complex but the structure of mineralogical eponyms remains unchanged when translated into other languages. 30 termformation models are considered in detail; these models are divided into three main groups: name + surname (14 models), surname only (9 models) and name only (7 models). The author introduces the concept of eponymlike terms and separates two mineralogical eponyms formed by means of compounding. 82 prefixes for the formation of mineralogical eponyms are considered: prefixes representing a dominant chemical element and Greek words representing the prefixes.

The article describes the method of singling out and analyzing the cultural component of meaning as well as that of terminologies. The method was worked out on the basis of the theory of terminological sign by Dr. Vladimir Leitchik. The author distinguishes between the notions of 'cultural component of terminological meaning, “cultural component of terminologies and terminological systems” and “sociocultural component of branch terminologies” such as Anglo-American terminologies of law, education, etc. The target goal of the research is to apply the developed method of terminological sign analysis to new terminologies. In the present article, the stated method is used to analyze the terminology of Russian history borrowed from the Russian language into the English texts by British historians. The author illustrates the theory of terminological sign by investigating the semantics of the linguistic substratum of terminological signs and the content of the conceptual superstratum of the sign. The results of the article include the description of the peculiarities of the content structure of the transcribed terms of Russian history which contain the cultural component of meaning in English texts.

The article is aimed at studying the terminological heritage of a famous linguist, one of the founders of the theory of term in Russian terminology, Vladimir Moiseyevich Leitchik. The issues, solved in the works of this researcher, as well as the dynamics of his creative views, are analyzed on the basis of certain periods in his research work. The role of this researcher in laying the foundations of the cognitive perspective in terminology which predetermined the birth of discursive terminology is revealed..

The history of publications of Russian literature in the Basque language is along-standing process with a great number of historical, social and even politicaldriving factors. The agenda of translating Russian literature into Basque spansmore than 60 years: ninety-one Russian literary works were published in theBasque language between 1956 and 2017. The history of this process can bedivided into three development stages: the first stage (1956-1970) covers thesecond half of Francos dictatorship. The second stage (1982-1994) ranges fromthe restoration of democracy to 1994. The third period (1995-2017) begins with the first direct translation from Russian into Basque and ends in 2017, when the last Russian novel was published in Basque.

The article covers intermediate results of the authors⁵ research into translator's language personality. The authors compare translations of the samefiction works done by different translators, sometimes observing the dependenceof quality of translation on the gender identification of the translators. However, this fact remains to be scientifically proved. The authors believe that in any case the interpreter is to take into account the intention of the original text; therefore, the presence of realia in the discourse makes it much harder for a translator to perform the main task, i.e. to achieve adequacy in translation. Searching translation methods is connected with the trisd-and-error method. Using the experience of translation and knowledge of extralinguistic factors, it is possible to help translators achieve adequacy in translation.

The article deals with the history of translations of e Black Monk by Anton Chekhov in different periods of the 20th century in China. Chinese readers first got acquainted with translations of Russian literature at the beginning of the 20th century. Around that time, the first publications of Chekhov’s works were made in Chinese, including the Black Monk which is considered to be the first Chinese translation of Chekhov’s literary works ever the author analyzes features of the translations in different periods of the 20th century.

Intentionality is one of the most important features of discourse e way interpreting conveys the speaker’s intention directly affects the results of communication the intentionality of discourse has shed new light on interpreting research and practice Using the interpreting notes of Chinese President Xi’s speech at the 2016 Hangzhou BRICS Summit as analytical material, the author of this article summarizes various interpreting methods based on different intentions and provides relevant strategies to help interpreters do their job well.

The article is a detailed analysis of the column setting of Vestnik Mosk­ovskogo universiteta. Seria 22. Teoria perevoda (2008–2017) rough both quantitative and qualitative analyses, the overall characteristics as well as the development and changes in the journal over the past ten years have been presented A possible explaination has been proposed by linking the changes with the historical context of Russian society By analyzing and summarizing the achievements of the journal, suggestions have also been made regarding its future development 

The article is devoted to the fragment of a language world image formed by the names of twelve animal symbols of the year (鼠 “rat,” 牛 “bull,” 虎 “tiger,” 兔 “hare,” 龙 “dragon,” 蛇 “snake,” 马 “horse,” 羊 “sheep,” 猴 “monkey,” 鸡 “cock,” 狗 “dog,” 猪 “pig”). The aim of the study is to reveal both similarities and differences of this fragment of the language world image according to the well-known Russian and Chinese explanatory dictionaries published in 2012. Because the place of the words in the dictionary reflects the place of the words in the language system, it can be assumed that these Russian and Chinese nominative units that characterize the fragment of the language world image occupy different positions in the language system, with the Russian nominative units occupying a more peripheral position than the Chinese ones.

The paper discusses how the concepts of bilingual dictionary and translation dictionary are understood in the works of Russian and Polish researchers. The author makes a comparison of the views, focusing especially on a twofold approach to these concepts and terms in the literature (in a broad sense, bilingual dictionary and translation dictionary refer to the same type of lexicographic product).

When studying literary translation, a special emphasis is to be put on the understanding of the complex relationship between the two creators, viz. the author and the translator. In addition to frequent and important differences in their worldview, cultural and literary views and preferences, there is an equally important problem – that of the interaction of their personal styles. We can recall the words of the French writer Buffon: “The style is the man himself” and only because of the original “style” of his creation does his work acquire a unique image and genuine value. At the same time, we need to recognize the objectivity of the existence of individual styles in highly professional translators.

The article analyzes five Russian translations of a poem by E.E. Cummings, one of the most prominent avant-garde poets of the 20th century. In the last decade, in Russia we have seen a growing interest in his poetry, which inevitably increases the number of its translations. The author of the article has been attracted by the fact that there are several translations of the poem “Anyone lived in a pretty how town” made by modern poetstranslators, namely V. Britanishsky, D. Kuzmin, M. Stepanova, Ya. Probshteyn, and S. Boychenko. Interestingly enough, these five translations of one text are, in fact, five separate works that differ from each other as well as from the original. The author analyzes the specific translation solutions made by the translators in their attempts to convey the agrammatism of Cummings’s poetry in Russian. By comparing these five very different poetic texts with the original, the author tries to reveal the translation strategy of each poettranslator, determining the final result of his activity, i.e. the work that will be considered the ultimate translation of the Cummings’s poem. The author comes to the conclusion that the original, which has several translations, becomes part of translators’ arsenal that helps establish communication among the translated texts. Ternary relations emerge in which translation functions as an instrument of cultural transfer.