Kulpina Valentina G.

The article is a review of the textbook written by Natalia V. Kabyak for students studying Russian as a foreign language. It is based on the material of Soviet films from different chronological periods and encompasses vast strata of vocabulary, including colloquialisms, in terms of comprehension and translation. Cinema materials consist mainly of comedies which are attractive and easy for reception. Th e textbook disposes important cognitive potential which serves a purpose of students’ communicative competence progress and adaptation in the Russian linguistic and cultural environment.

The authors analyze specific criteria for the selection of terms to be included in theological dictionaries. The following criteria are of special importance from the conceptual, theological and terminographical points of view: monoconfessional dictionary; confessional tolerance; conformity and variability of theological interpretation; differentiation of the Holy Scripture’s vocabulary, theological texts’ vocabulary, and general vocabulary; theological collocation of vocabulary. The authors also analyze tendencies in formulating definitions for terms to be included in theological dictionaries.

This article is a review of the dictionary of popular expressions from cartoons “Don’t you make laugh my horseshoes” written by Svetlana G. Shulezhkova and her students. The destination of the dictionary, its macrostructure and the entries’ structure are described. The most famous film expressions are analyzed. Various problems of their translation is considered.

Relevance. The abbreviations in Russian and Polish alike are considered on the basis of translation as transmitters of categorical meanings. A number of types of abbreviations are taken into consideration: initial, morphemic (based on the constriction of compound lingual complexes) and discursive graphic abbreviations in general use. Special attention is paid to various peculiarities (including linguocultural one) of Russian and Polish abbreviations. One of the distinctions between Polish and Russian abbreviations is the fact that in the Russian language there are many abbreviations with understandable motivated structures because their elements representing full nominations are morphemic ones. In the Polish language, the main part of abbreviations is made of the first letters of the full nominations. The peculiarities of the use of abbreviations in both languages are explained. It is a noteworthy fact that they are often used in different discourses without decoding. Abbreviations are considered as a complex structured integrative whole. The correlations between abbreviation and its primary full nomination are analyzed. An approach to abbreviations seen from the starting point of mental processes is presented.

Results. The basic results consist in the generalization of an analysis of the development and functioning of contemporary abbreviations in the Russian and Polish languages. It was determined that the creation of abbreviations is conducted by mental exchange of categorical semantic elements of the formations. The aforementioned phenomena are described as semantic lingual universals.

Сonclusion. The products of the creation of abbreviations in each language have different ways of linguo-formal expression. In translating, that leads to the creation of new linguo-mental entities: complex or simplified neoconcepts.

The article is devoted to the linguistics of color as an urgent general method of linguistic research into color and as instruments of translation of texts containing terms of color (words with a color component). The problems of such translation are presented in the article against the background of theoretic aspects of linguistics of color as a sphere of contemporary linguistic studies. The linguistics of color is represented as a widely elaborated sphere of linguistic knowledge which has its worked-out notable directions, research institutions and a range of investigating problems. The basic concepts of the linguistics of color are analyzed from the perspective of pragmatics and are embodied into the practice of translation. Linguistics of color’s critical apparatus is considered on the basis of linguistic colorimetry as a collection of particular methods contributing to understanding and translation of texts with color terms. The comprehension of color terms and possibilities of their translation depend on determining their role in the lexical systems of both the source and target languages and their place in the linguistic worldviews. 

Results. The experience of color terms research concentrated in the linguistics of color and embodied in the linguistic colorimetry’s critical apparatus creates possibilities (on the basis of linguistic colorimetry methods and methods of contrastive analysis) for working out different ways of translating this lexical class. The results of the research consist in disclosure of complicated moments of texts with terms of color, the describing of translation’s problems, the compiling of recommendations as to how to deal with the terms of color and eliminate the translation problems and create a natural linguistic environment in the translated text. 

Conclusions. The elimination of translation problems can be reached by using critical apparatus of linguistic colorimetry. This apparatus of disclosure of ethnic color priorities and ethnic color inclinations was created in the linguistics of color and concentrated in the linguistic colorimetry. The linguistic colorimetry based on linguistics of color is a useful collection of methods and recommendations. It is an effective mechanism contributing to the practice of understanding and translation of the figurative structure of lexical units with color components.