New trends in presenting and translating abbreviations as a demonstration of a changing mental reality

Abstract

Relevance. The abbreviations in Russian and Polish alike are considered on the basis of translation as transmitters of categorical meanings. A number of types of abbreviations are taken into consideration: initial, morphemic (based on the constriction of compound lingual complexes) and discursive graphic abbreviations in general use. Special attention is paid to various peculiarities (including linguocultural one) of Russian and Polish abbreviations. One of the distinctions between Polish and Russian abbreviations is the fact that in the Russian language there are many abbreviations with understandable motivated structures because their elements representing full nominations are morphemic ones. In the Polish language, the main part of abbreviations is made of the first letters of the full nominations. The peculiarities of the use of abbreviations in both languages are explained. It is a noteworthy fact that they are often used in different discourses without decoding. Abbreviations are considered as a complex structured integrative whole. The correlations between abbreviation and its primary full nomination are analyzed. An approach to abbreviations seen from the starting point of mental processes is presented.

Results. The basic results consist in the generalization of an analysis of the development and functioning of contemporary abbreviations in the Russian and Polish languages. It was determined that the creation of abbreviations is conducted by mental exchange of categorical semantic elements of the formations. The aforementioned phenomena are described as semantic lingual universals.

Сonclusion. The products of the creation of abbreviations in each language have different ways of linguo-formal expression. In translating, that leads to the creation of new linguo-mental entities: complex or simplified neoconcepts.

References

Alekseev D.I. (1979) Sokrashhennye slova v russkom jazyke — Abbreviations in Russian language. Saratov: Izd-vo Saratovskogo universiteta. 328 p. (In Russian).

Djuzhikova E.A. (2014) Abbreviatura v svete kognitivnoj lingvistiki — Abbreviation in the aspect of cognitive linguistics. Kognitivnye issledovanija jazyka. Vyp. XIX. Kognitivnoe var’irovanie jazykov v jazykovoj interpretacii mira, otv. red. V.Z. Dem’jankov. Moscow: Institut jazykoznanija RAN; Tambov: TGU im. G.R. Derzhavina, pp. 73–80. (In Russian).

Ermolovich D.I. (2001) Imena sobstvennye na styke jazykov i kul’tur — Proper names: junction line of languages and cultures. Moscow: R. Valent. 200 p. (In Russian).

Ermolovich D.I. (2016) Pravila prakticheskoj transkripcii imen i nazvanij s zapadnyh i vostochnyh jazykov na russkij — Regulars of practical transcription of names and titles from Occidental languages into Russian. Red. S.G. Vanjashkin. Moscow: AUDDITORIA. 125 p. (In Russian).

Giljarevskij R.S., Starostin B.A. (1985) Inostrannye imena i nazvanija v russkom tekste. Spravochnik — Loan names and titles in Russian text, Reference book. 3-e izd. Moscow: Vysshaja shkola. 303 p. (In Russian).

Kulikova Je.G., Svetlichnaja N.O. (2015) Lingvopragmatika sovremennogo russkogo slovoobrazovanija. Abbreviacija i dezabbreviacija — Linguopragmatics of contemporary Russian derivation. Abbreviation and deabbreviation. Moscow: FLINTA: Nauka. 136 p. (In Russian).

Kul’pina V.G. (2013) Ocherki po onomasticheskomu perevodu i lingvodidaktike — Essays on onomastic translation and linguodidactics. BEL Studio, Warsaw, 160 p. (In Russian).

Kul’pina V.G., Tatarinov V.A. (1990) Abbreviacija kak sposob kategorizacii special’nyh ponjatij (metodologicheskie aspekty) — Abbreviation as a way of categorization of special concepts (methodological aspects). Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Serija 9. Filologija. No. 4, pp. 27–34 (In Russian).

Kul’pina V.G., Tatarinov V.A. (1992) Metodologicheskie i metodicheskie aspekty abbreviacii. Sopostavitel’naja lingvistika i metodika prepodavanija slavjanskih jazykov — Methodological and methodical aspects of abbreviation. Pod red. T.A. Atcarkinoj i O.N. Shapkinoj. Moscow: Izd-vo Moskovskogo universiteta, pp. 81–85 (In Russian).

Kul’pina V.G., Tatarinov V.A. (2013) O vozniknovenii osobyh lingvomyslitel’nyh real’nostej pri perevode abbreviatur — In connection to particular mental reality coming into existence in the process of abbreviations’ translation. Nauka o perevode segodnja: perevod i slovesnost’: MGU imeni M.V. Lomonosova. Vysshaja shkola perevoda: Proceedings of the III International Scientific Conference. Moscow, October 31 — November 1 2013, pp. 27 (electronic resource) (In Russian).

Kul’pina V.G., Tatarinov V.A. (2016) Sovremennye slavjanskie jazyki v akademicheskoj perspektive: processy, tendencii, kommunikacija i derivacija — The contemporary Slavic languages in scientifi c prospect: processes, trends, communication and derivation. Studia z fi lologii polskiej i słowiańskiej, v. 51, pp. 273–299 (In Russian).

Rangelova A., Tichá Z. (2012) Dynamika abreviace a abreviační útvarů (na českém jazykovém materiálu). A. Rangelova, Z. Tichá. Specyfi ka leksyki i słowotwórstwa języków słowiańskich na przełomie XX i XXI wieku (Prace slawistyczne 136). Instytut slawistyki PAN; Towarzystwo Naukowe Warszawskie; Red. naukowa Zofi a Rudnik-Karwatowa, Warsaw, pp. 147–169 (In Check)

Rudnik-Karwatowa Z. (2012) Dynamika struktur złożeniowych w językach słowiаńskich. Specyfi ka leksyki i słowotwórstwa języków słowiańskich na przełomie XX i XXI wieku (Prace slawistyczne 136). Instytut slawistyki PAN; Towarzystwo Naukowe Warszawskie; Red. naukowa Zofi a Rudnik-Karwatowa, Warsaw, pp. 171–188 (In Polish)

Shadyko S. (2000) Abbreviatury v russkom jazyke (v sopostavlenii s pol’skim) — Russian abbreviations in comparison with Polish language autoref. dis. ... Doct. philol. Sciences. Moscow, 2000. 45 p. (In Russian).

Terkulov V.I. (2017) Slozhnosokrashhennye slova: sinhronnye i diahronnye aspekty opisanija — Abbreviated words: synchronic and diachronic aspects of description. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Serija 9. Filologija. No. 6, pp. 73–97 (In Russian).

Dictionaries

Paruch — Paruch J. (1970) Słownik skrótów. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 648 p. (In Polish)

Podracki — Podracki J. Słownik skrótów i skrótowców (1999). Warszawa:

Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 312 p. (In Polish).

SFJP — Skorupka S. (1968) Słownik frazeologiczny języka polskiego(1968): W 2 v. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna (In Polish).

SSRYa — Alekseev D.I., Gozman I.G., Saharov G.V. (1977) Slovar’ sokrashhenij russkogo jazyka, Ok. 15 000 sokrashhenij — Dictionary of Russian abbreviations. About 15 000 abbreviations. Izd. 2-e, ispr. i dop. Moscow: Ruskij jazyk, 416 p. (In Russian).

TESS — Tolkovo-ekvivalentnostnyj slovar’ slozhnosokrashhennyh slov russkogo jazyka (2018). V.I. Terkulov, A.I. Brovec, V.A. Rjazanova, E.A. Akulich [i dr.] — Eplanatory and equivalent dictionary of Russian language’s abbreviated words. Vol. 1. A–V. Pod red. V.I. Terkulova. Doneck: Doneckij universitet; Fond “Russkij mir”, 277 p. (In Russian).

Internet sources

URL: AG Translate (Centr perevodov — Center of translation. AG.Translate) https://agtc.ru (Accesed February 28.2021).

URL: AG Translation Service (Byuro perevodov [Offi ce of Translation] A.G Translation Service) URL: https://agtranslationrating.ru>lsp.ag (Accesed February 28.2021).

URL: https://ekon.gov.ru (Accesed May 20.2020).

URL: https://migration-uslugi.ru/ (Accesed May 28.2020).

URL: https://sokrasheniya.academic.ru (Accesed May 20.2020).

URL: https://rankingkont.org/polskie banki/ (Accesed June 9.2020).

URL: https://residentrt.ru (Accesed May 28.2020).