Articles

The article deals with the phenomenon of motivation as a key factor determining the professional activity of translators. The author focuses on the significance of internal and external stimuli that infl uence the choice of translation strategies and methods, as well as the final result of translation. Special attention is paid to the role of personal and creative aspects that characterise translation activity as a form of professional self-expression. Various forms of translation motivation are analysed in detail, including the translator’s comments, prefaces, notes and other metatextual elements that contribute to the elimination of semantic losses and cultural asymmetries. The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach combining linguistics, psychology and translation studies, which allows for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying translators’ professional choices.

The article is devoted to the currently relevant study of the concept of time in languages and cultures of unrelated to each other: Russian, English and Ingush. The change in the perspective of research approaches: from the study of language structures to the analysis of the system of mental and cognitive processes of human activity. Th is has led to the need for research in this scientific area and updated the theme, purpose and objectives of this article. The interpretation object is the lexemes of temporal semantics. The subject of the study is the exposition of the “time” category in the artistic text of “The tale of wasted time” by E. Schwartz. The purpose of the study is to interpret the speech-thought category of time in the translated text: from the source language (SL): Russian, into the target languages (TL): English and Ingush. The main task of studying temporal units is to identify and justify the choice of a specific translation type that most accurately conveys the grammatical category of time, from the original language to the target language in a fiction text, using a cognitive approach. The main research methods are: the cognitive approach, along with the descriptive, semantic, linguotranslation and comparative-contrastive methods. The final results obtained by studying the concept of time in the fiction of three unrelated languages (Russian, English and Ingush), indicate the fact that the understanding of time by a native speaker of a particular language is not the same and is extraordinary, due to national and cultural differences/ characteristics. However, there is an analogy with how the identification and designation of time in the Ingush and English languages is traced, namely: a) physical time: ха in the Ingush language and time in English; b) grammatical time: метта ха in the Ingush language and tense in English. At the same time, by conducting a statistical analysis and preliminary calculation of all the translation operations performed, the following was established: 1) translation from Russian into English is distinguished by its denotation: the semantic level, where the subject meaning of the concept: time appears to a greater extent; 2) translation from Russian to Ingush is distinguished by its semantic (significative) level, where the concept in the SL (source language) is related to the designated concept in the TL (target language).

Hermeneutics, the art of understanding and interpreting texts, which has a long history, is considered one of the most important philosophical concepts today. It is also frequently mentioned in interdisciplinary studies, including studies of literary translation. Th is paper focuses on the development of hermeneutical studies of literary translation in China, statistically analyzing more than five hundred articles and dissertations published in China over the past twenty years, exploring Chinese researchers’ interest in different subfields. In conclusion, the western hermeneutical theories, especially those of Hans-Georg Gadamer and George Steiner, have made positive influences on the noted studies in the past few decades. However, at the same time, this study also reveals several problems, such as the lack of research on language pairs other than the Chinese-English language pair, as well as the lack of theoretical innovation. At the end of this article, numerous propositions are made, suggesting that researchers analyze more diverse types of texts in different languages, put forward their own innovative ideas, and build a unique theoretical system for hermeneutical studies of literary translation in China.

Following the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, the translation industry has undergone unprecedented changes. AI technologies have not only transformed translation methods, but also put forward new requirements for translators’ professional competencies. This paper discusses the content of translation competencies and the ways of their transformation in the AI era, analyzes new aspects of translation skills, and proposes a training model representing the synergy of technology and humanities in order to train new, comprehensive translation professionals to meet the requirements of the era.

Translation plays an important role in developing the capacity of international communication. With the historical transition from “translation from foreign languages into Chinese” to “translation from Chinese into foreign languages”, China will gradually develop theoretical foundations and accumulate practical experience to strengthen national translation competence and build international communication capacity through continuous research into translation and translation studies. Th e paper analyses the current situation and prospects of the development of translation activity in China based on fi gures and facts.

In the context of the growing interest in the psychological and cognitive aspects of translation process, one of the directions of modern translation studies is the study of the constraints accompanying translation activity. This article considers the phenomenon of uncertainty as a source of constraints in translation process. The article provides a description of the system of external and internal constraints in translation activity; discusses the necessity of including the context of uncertainty in translation process research; reveals the nature of uncertainty from linguistic, hermeneutic and didactic perspectives; describes the specificity of uncertainty in translating pragmatic and literary texts. The author also proposes to consider the phenomenon of uncertainty in translation activity in terms of decision-making and draw a connection between the degree of uncertainty of the situation and the amount of intellectual effort on the part of the translator. The article also emphasizes the significant role of the phenomenon of uncertainty for the translation didactics and provides a brief overview of teaching practices incorporating the phenomenon of uncertainty into the context of translation training.

The above article discusses the extra-linguistic aspects of translation activity, emphasizing the opinions of N.K. Garbovskiy, A.D. Schweitzer, R.K. Minyar-Beloruchev and O.I. Kostikova. Emphasizes the importance of taking into account the sociocultural context and extra-linguistic factors in the translation process, suggesting studying the conditions of creation and perception of texts, as well as the social status of communication participants. 

The author points out the need for further research into these aspects, arguing that understanding the function of translation is a continuous process that evolves over time. It is noted that translation has performed a variety of social functions ranging from political to educational throughout human history, which emphasizes its importance in various spheres of life. 

Thus, the text emphasizes the diversity of factors affecting translation and calls for further research in this area.

The review is dedicated to the 4th edition of the N. Garbovsky`s book “Theory of Translation”. It won well-deserved recognition as one of the best works in the sphere of translation studies. Different aspects of translatology found in this book thorough and detailed consideration. It is underlined, that this work makes an equal contribution both in educational and scientific literature.

One of the ways of cognitive modelling of professional discourse and terminological nomination is revealed in this article — it includes the construal of the propositional structure representing knowledge. At first, the history of the notion appearance of proposition is traced back to the period of Antiquity. After that, we can find the contribution of some scholars to the evolution of this notion becoming a three-partial formula suitable for the study in different spheres of knowledge, especially in reflecting the surrounding reality in logics, psychology and linguistics. The central element of the propositional structure is the verb uniting two arguments. 

The aim of this article is to show how the proposition as a structure of knowledge is able to uncover text semantics and the semantics of a nominative unit. The most important aspect of this analysis comprises propositional analysis within the framework of the cognitive-communicative paradigm of linguistic knowledge, particularly the study of special discourse and terminological nomination. The propositional analysis is capable of revealing the conceptual underpinning of the propositional structure based on a special text and terminological nomination. 

Initially, proposition was used to analyze some text stretches, then as the main element of frame analysis revealing not only the subject knowledge, but also emotional and temporal pragmatic characteristics influencing the text development, later associating it with the construal of semantic sets and at last becoming part and parcel of cognitive-onomasiological modelling. 

English texts referring to scientific speech and complex units like compound words and word combinations are becoming the research material in the article. The author concludes that the propositional structure representing knowledge is one of the major constituents of cognitive modelling in the semantic sphere of nominative units in terminological domains of knowledge. Besides that this analysis has great potential in the search of basic concepts of professional discourse. All these spheres of application of propositional analysis are proved very useful in cognitive-communicative terminological science.