Wang Cui

In this paper, we analyze multi-functional features of adverbs by means of studying “也” in the Chinese language and its translation into the Russian language. Within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics, we divide the adverb “也” into two groups: expressing logical meanings and expressing interpersonal meanings. The logical meanings include a traditional composition and joining, whereas the interpersonal meanings contain different modalities.

When the word “也” is used to express logical meanings, translations of this word into Russian vary. It can be translated as “и, и... и, даже, да... и, кто (как, какой) бы ни, так... и, но”. If, however, the adverb “也” expresses interpersonal meanings, it is usually translated as “даже” or “и”. When there is no regular equivalent between Chinese and Russian, the semantic transformation is often used.

The multifaceted function of “也” and its various translations into Russian clearly show the mixed features of adverbs.

Chinese paratactic sentences reflect the main features of the Chinese language, fully demonstrating the spatial peculiarities of the following syntactic constructions: discreteness, chunkiness, and reversibility. The article discusses the translation of Chinese paratactic sentences into Russian, considering the structural differences between the two languages. The aim of this paper is to explore strategies and methods for translating Chinese paratactic sentences into Russian. The scientific novelty of this work lies in presenting five specific lexico-grammatical methods for transferring semantic complexes in translation. It is essential to establish the structural hierarchy of the sentence in the target language, break a long paratactic sentence into several parts based on the semantic level, mark the time and type of predicative verbs following Russian syntax norms, and use various lexical means to avoid monotonous repetition. The research objectives include studying the grammatical and semantic features of Chinese paratactic sentences, identifying structural differences between Chinese paratactic sentences and Russian sentences from a structuralist perspective, describing translation transformations, and analyzing the underlying reasons influencing translation. In conclusion, translating Chinese paratactic sentences into Russian is a complex process that requires consideration of structural, semantic, and cognitive factors.