Articles

The review is dedicated to the 4th edition of the N. Garbovsky`s book “Theory of Translation”. It won well-deserved recognition as one of the best works in the sphere of translation studies. Different aspects of translatology found in this book thorough and detailed consideration. It is underlined, that this work makes an equal contribution both in educational and scientific literature.

One of the ways of cognitive modelling of professional discourse and terminological nomination is revealed in this article — it includes the construal of the propositional structure representing knowledge. At first, the history of the notion appearance of proposition is traced back to the period of Antiquity. After that, we can find the contribution of some scholars to the evolution of this notion becoming a three-partial formula suitable for the study in different spheres of knowledge, especially in reflecting the surrounding reality in logics, psychology and linguistics. The central element of the propositional structure is the verb uniting two arguments. 

The aim of this article is to show how the proposition as a structure of knowledge is able to uncover text semantics and the semantics of a nominative unit. The most important aspect of this analysis comprises propositional analysis within the framework of the cognitive-communicative paradigm of linguistic knowledge, particularly the study of special discourse and terminological nomination. The propositional analysis is capable of revealing the conceptual underpinning of the propositional structure based on a special text and terminological nomination. 

Initially, proposition was used to analyze some text stretches, then as the main element of frame analysis revealing not only the subject knowledge, but also emotional and temporal pragmatic characteristics influencing the text development, later associating it with the construal of semantic sets and at last becoming part and parcel of cognitive-onomasiological modelling. 

English texts referring to scientific speech and complex units like compound words and word combinations are becoming the research material in the article. The author concludes that the propositional structure representing knowledge is one of the major constituents of cognitive modelling in the semantic sphere of nominative units in terminological domains of knowledge. Besides that this analysis has great potential in the search of basic concepts of professional discourse. All these spheres of application of propositional analysis are proved very useful in cognitive-communicative terminological science.

A review of the monograph by Mishkurov E.N. and Novikova M.G. “Cognitive-Hermeneutic Approach to Translation Theory and Methodology.” Moscow: Flinta, 2020. 300 p.

This article is a review of the dictionary of popular expressions from cartoons “Don’t you make laugh my horseshoes” written by Svetlana G. Shulezhkova and her students. The destination of the dictionary, its macrostructure and the entries’ structure are described. The most famous film expressions are analyzed. Various problems of their translation is considered.

The article utilizes the social role theory to study interpreting and determines the appropriate set of social roles, while each role is defined in a concise way. The main focus is on the interpreter­psychologist role; interpreting is compared to psychological practice. The evolution of the emotional intelligence concept and its content is another highlight of the article. The model of emotional intelligence by Daniel Goleman serves as the basis for analyzing the role of emotional intelligence in interpreting.

The article highlights the peculiarities of the translation process on the basis of three psychological schools: Gestalt psychology, cognitive psychology, psycholinguistics. The most important psychological processes in translation practice are perception, attention, memory and speech production. It is stressed that studying psychological processes is highly important for real understanding of translation practice and for cultivating skills for future translators and interpreters.

This article is devoted to the study of the conceptual, value and archetypal side of the Nart epic, as well as some language material on the side cycles of the Narts. The course of the study is based on an analysis of the cultural concepts and value attractors of Nartiada, which are common to the majority of the linguistic Iberian­Caucasian language family. In order to reveal the linguo­mental complex of representatives of the linguistic world that preceded the emergence of most of the linguistic cultures of the peoples of the North Caucasus, we use both general semantic analysis and cognitive­semantic analysis, while updating the corpus of cognitive linguistics. In studying the cognitive­valency system of some of the heroes of Nartiada, while taking into account the specifics of the poetic text and folklore as a whole, we use the archetypal concept of K.G. Jung in its American variation to simplify the diachronic examination of the language. This approach makes it possible to use concrete examples to show the existence and evolution of concepts in individual languages, e. g. we touch on the specifics of the Ossetian (Ironic), Adyghe, Abkhaz, Chechen and Abaza languages of the Iberian­Caucasian language family. To illustrate the influence of the Nart epic on the Caucasian languages, we use some material from the Abazin language (the Iberian­Caucasian language family) and the Armenian language (the IndoEuropean language family) to show not only the existence and evolution of similar cultural concepts, but also the heterogeneous influence of Nartiades on different language families and language groups. The manifestation of cultural concepts and value attractors is also shown by the example of the nature and actions of the main characters of Nartiade from the cycles: “The Beginning of the Narts,” “Grounding” and the heroic cycle itself. The basis for the study is the linguistic and historical material accumulated by the expert in Caucasian studies T.A. Guriev and culturologist V.V. Ivanov.

The military vocabulary in any foreign language world picture reflects its ethnic origin. In foreign languages, a similar layer of the vocabulary of the national language is represented by approximately the same set of lexical units indicating the realities of war and military affairs in the most general sense. The accuracy of the semantics of a military term and the blurring of the semantics of a military lexicon unit used in the fiction text are the main signs of the division of these categories.

While performing simultaneous interpreting a simultaneous interpreter undoubtedly undertakes a number of syntactic, semantic and lexico­syntactic transformations. Nevertheless, multiple obstacles (linguistic, psychological, physiological and others) complicate the choice of the best possible interpreting strategy. As a result, there appears a number of employed transformations. The aim of this work is to identify both justified and unjustified usage of specific translation tools and evaluate the quality of interpreting.